Due to its special natural and geographical conditions, the city of Tonekabon is susceptible to many shocks, including earthquakes and floods, which brings the need to pay attention to urban resilience. The present study was conducted to analyze the state of urban neighborhoods from the perspective of urban resilience Components. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The research's statistical population was comprised of citizens living in Tonekabon city. Using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size was estimated to be 384 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face and face validity, as well as divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Analysis of data and information was done using SPSS and PLS software programs. The findings of this research showed that the overall resilience of Tonekabon city is in an unfavorable situation. In such a way, the average experimental value obtained for the overall resilience of the city and its dimensions was lower than the average value of 3. Among the localities of the studied area, Karim Abad neighborhood, in which the overall average obtained was equal to 2.78, was in a better condition than other localities, and Tonekabon neighborhood, according to the average (2.39), was in an unfavorable condition among the studied localities. Among the other research findings, among the Components of urban resilience, the Physical factor with a path coefficient of 0.490 has the most significant impact and was ranked first, followed by the economic factor with a path coefficient of 0.348. In third place is the administrative, institutional factor with a path coefficient of 0.327 and in fourth place is the social dimension with a path coefficient of 0.264.

Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on Physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized Physical and psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 Components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of Physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the Physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of Components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these Components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different Physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various Physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of Components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these Components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different Physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various Physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which Physical and non-Physical characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between Physical and non-Physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different Physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of Physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate Components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main Components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Annual fires might change many soil Physical properties in semi steppe rangeland. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of fire on soil Physical properties and soil water infiltration parameters in semisteppe rangeland of Karsanak region in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. There fore, several sites were chosen which were affected by fire at three, two and one years prior to this study (i.e.2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively). Soil water infiltration was measured using tension infiltrometer in 54 points of the study sites. Since the soil samples were taken from to depth (0-10 cm and 15-25 cm) of each site, the numbers of soil samples for laboratory analysis were 108. Independent t-test and principle Component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the difference between the measured properties at the burned and control sites. The results showed that aggregates stability coefficients (MWD and GMD) in the surface layer significantly reduced in 1 and 2 years after fire compared with control areas. Water dispersible clay (WDC) and bulk density significantly increased in surface layer of all burned areas compared with control areas. Saturation hydraulic conductivity significantlyde creased in burned areas in 1, 2 and 3 years after. The results showed that annual fires occurs have menyneg ative effects on soil Physical properties cause to shallow, low water retention capacity and high risk of erosion in semi steppe rangeland.

The sense of place is an overall complex concept of human emotions about the environment and is created by human adaption and use of place. It is also among the important concepts in improving the quality of human environment and creation of environment users’ bases of communication. This research seeks to investigate the impact of Physical factors on the sense of place and it is in line with identifying and developing the Physical characteristics underlying the sense of place in the new urban development. It initially studies the concept of sense of place from different perspectives and explains its constituting factors, and finally provides an analytical model to indicate the impact of these factors on inducing the sense of place by identification of ten key indices. This research has descriptive-analytical method and survey type and evaluates the conducted studies through data collection tool and by library research and reference to the documentation and evidence, and questionnaires. Furthermore, the statistical methods such as the structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis, maximum likelihood estimation, Pearson correlation test, and multiple linear regression model are utilized to confirm model and determine the nature of relationship between the sense of place and the Physical Components as well as TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making method for ranking the factors which induce the sense of place. In this regard, Cheshmeh and Dehkadeh-Olympic neighborhoods from district 22 of Tehran Municipality are selected as the research examples. According to the research results, the Physical factors are effective in creation of sense of place at two levels in the environment: At the first level, the Physical environmental features provide the satisfaction with environment and create and promote the sense of place by facilitating the activities based on the individual behavioral models and fulfilling the place users’ needs.

One of the important issues in the analysis of soils is to evaluate their features. In estimation of the hardly available properties, it seems the using of Data mining is appropriate. Therefore, the modelling of some soil quality indicators, using some of the early features of soil which have been proved by some researchers, have been considered. For this purpose, 140 disturbed and 140 undisturbed soil samples were collected from Jiroft, southern Kerman, Iran. Some Physical and chemical properties of soil, for example, sand, silt and clay percentage, organic matter (OM), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), electrical conductivity at saturation (ECe), porosity (F), and bulk density (BD) were measured using standard methods. Some soil Physical property indicators, including plant available water (PAW), relative field capacity (RFC), air capacity (AC) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were also calculated. Using the hybrid algorithm of principle Component analysis-artificial neural network (PCA-ANN), the calculated indicators were predicted by the easily available properties. The results showed that PCA-ANN had an acceptable accuracy in the modelling of soil Physical quality. The coefficient of determination (R2) of training and testing data for PAW, RFC and AC were 0. 82 and 0. 81, 0. 90 and 0. 79, 0. 99 and 0. 99, respectively. The optimization of Ks did not have the desired results. In other words, the R2 values of the training and testing data for this indicator were equal to 0. 25 and 0. 13, respectively.

Introduction: Numerous important factors such as Physical and mental condition affect the quality of life Job stress is one of the key factors in decreasing productivity in organizations. Given the positive effects of Physical activity on quality of life, this study aimed to compare the quality of life between active and inactive workers (case study). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional comparative study. 190 tile and cement-manufacturing workers who were eligible for the study were selected completely voluntarily, based on a convenience sampling. Of these, according to Beck questionnaire, 88 were selected in inactive and 64 in active groups; Weir and Sherborn questionnaire was used for assessing the quality of life (SF-36). For analysis the data, independent T-test and SPSS 16 software were used for analysis (P≤ 0. 05). Results: The results showed that Physical, psychological and quality of life Components in the active group of cement factory workers were (p = 0. 012) (p = 0. 001) (p = 0. 005) and tile workers (p = 0. 012) (P = 0. 005) (p = 0. 014) was a significant and more compare to the inactive group, but there was no significant difference between active and inactive workers of the two tile and cement factories. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the positive role of exercise and Physical activity on the quality of life of people working in cement and tile factories. It seems easier Physical activity and sports are related to the quality of life of workers and have nothing to do with the workplace.

Phase equilibrium systems are important topics in Physical chemistry. As the practical training of phases contributes to a deeper understanding of this part of science, planning an agenda with a green chemistry approach and attention to human health is essential. In this study, a simple solid-liquid phase equilibrium system, palmitic acid-oleic acid, replaced the naphthalene-benzene or naphthalene-toluene system. This system not only can this system meet the educational goals of this department, but it also has the capability to recycle consumables and use waste as raw materials in other training laboratories. It is also affordable for an undergraduate training lab. From this simple experiment, the melting point of palmitic acid was 64° C and the melting enthalpy of this material was 40. 69 kJ / mol. Compared to the actual values, due to the simple tools and the purity of the material used, it has an acceptable error percentage. It is noteworthy that the same uncertainty also is observed in the results of naphthalene-toluene system.